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National Center of Continuing Education

Osteoporosis Independent Analysis
10 Contact Hours • Course #9006 or #5006

  1. Go to Order Now if you have not already paid for this course.
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  3. The following Independent Analysis is for you to quiz your knowledge that you have obtained after reading the course material. This is an independent exercise.
  4. To find out if you have understood the material, click on "Submit" ONCE when you are completely finished with the Independent Analysis, and please be patient while your answers are checked and your results are displayed.
  5. Your Certificate will be mailed to you First Class only when you complete and submit the required Independent Analysis Evaluation.
  6. Complete required Evaluation.
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Answer each of the following questions (there is only one correct answer to each question).

1
The percentage of older Americans with fractured hips that will die from complications within a year of the fracture is:
A. 5% to 10%
B. 15% to 30%
C. 25% to 40%
D. 50% or more
2
Bone collagen is made of:
A. chains of peptide molecules
B. layers of calcium crystals
C. large sheets of hydroxyapatite
D. dense bricks containing carbon and iron
3
Trabecular bone is found primarily:
A. on the outside of the long bones of the legs and arms
B. in the inner cavities of the bones, along with marrow and fat
C. throughout the skull and pelvis
D. within the Haversian system of the cortical bone
4
In addition to providing a supportive framework for the body, the skeleton serves as a:
A. site for hormone production
B. filter for environmental toxins
C. storehouse for calcium and other minerals
D. breeding ground for beneficial bacteria
5
Maintenance of appropriate blood calcium levels involves all of the following except:
A. vitamin D
B. calcitonin
C. strontium
D. parathyroid hormone
6
In order for vitamin D to aid in bone production it must be converted to its active form in the:
A. skin
B. bone marrow
C. liver and kidneys
D. intestine
7
The cells responsible for bone resorption are known as:
A. osteoblasts
B. osteoclasts
C. osteocytes
D. all of the above
8
The calcium dissolved as part of the bone repair process:
A. passes into the bloodstream
B. is used onsite for new bone formation
C. neutralizes the acid created in the process
D. assists with further bone erosion
9
The process of bone remodeling, from the initiation of resorption to the completion of repairs, takes approximately:
A. one week
B. one month
C. three months
D. two years
10
Bone fragility results from reduction of all of the following except:
A. bone mass
B. bone density
C. cross linkage
D. apoptosis
11
Often, the first warning signal of osteoporosis is:
A. elevated serum calcium
B. perceived loss of strength
C. low back pain
D. a fractured wrist
12
Of the following, the persons at highest risk for osteoporosis-related fractures are:
A. African American men
B. vegetarians
C. women who have never been pregnant
D. those who had sports related injuries in childhood
13
Significant loss of trabecular bone is likely to cause:
A. crush fractures of the vertebrae
B. spiral fractures of the forearm
C. deformity of the hips
D. shortening of the legs
14
Over time, osteoporosis may cause shrinkage of the entire spinal column, which may in turn lead to:
A. digestive problems
B. shortness of breath
C. susceptibility to lung infections
D. all of the above
15
The role of estrogen in the bone remodeling process includes all of the following except:
A. promoting absorption of calcium in the intestine
B. blocking the action of Vitamin D
C. prolonging the life of osteoblasts
D. accelerating the death of osteoclasts
16
Age-related changes that increase risk for osteoporosis include:
A. decreased excretion of calcium through the kidneys
B. overproduction of Vitamin D
C. decline in secretion of calcitonin
D. cessation of production of PTH
17
The yearly rate of bone loss for women three to seven years after menopause averages:
A. 0.3%
B. 0.5%
C. 1%
D. 3%
18
The disorder referred to as the “Hungry Bone Syndrome” is caused by:
A. overactivity of the parathyroid gland
B. excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
C. pituitary dysfunction
D. fluctuations in estrogen level
19
Factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis that may contribute to osteoporosis include:
A. reduced bone calcium content
B. treatment with cortisone
C. use of antacids with anti-inflammatory drugs
D. all of the above
20
Risk for fractures associated with long-term glucocorticoid use is greatest for:
A. cortical bone
B. trabecular bone
C. legs and hips
D. forearms and wrists
21
Which one of the following medications has not been implicated in the development of osteoporosis?
A. Lasix
B. Dilantin
C. Zantac
D. Questran
22
At the present time, clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis is made by:
A. evidence of reduced bone mass on simple x-ray
B. bone density measurement with dual x-ray absorptiometry
C. CT scan of the vertebral column
D. biochemical markers of bone turnover
23
Among American women, calcium intake is:
A. usually well below recommended levels throughout the lifespan
B. deficient primarily in teenage girls who have an eating disorder
C. on average 800mg to 1200mg a day in those over age 35
D. a critical determiner of bone health only after the menopause
24
How many mg of calcium are contained in one cup (8 oz.) of milk?
A. 150
B. 250
C. 350
D. 500
25
Consumption of large amounts of phosphorus:
A. is common due to its use in processed foods and drinks
B. is recommended to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism
C. may protect the bones of those who have a low calcium intake
D. all of the above
26
The most common calcium supplement in the U.S. today is:
A. calcium gluconate
B. calcium chloride
C. calcium phosphate
D. calcium carbonate
27
Use of dolomite and bone meal for calcium supplementation is not recommended because they have been shown to:
A. cause kidney stones in susceptible people
B. aggravate gastric secretion problems
C. contain trace amounts of toxic metals
D. be poorly absorbed in comparison to other available preparations
28
The elderly are at greater risk for vitamin D deficiency because of:
A. limited intake of magnesium and trace minerals
B. decreased exposure to the sun
C. reluctance to use nutritional supplements
D. diets low in protein and fat
29
The best diet for prevention of osteoporosis:
A. is low in protein and high in carbohydrates
B. is based on cereal grains enriched with vitamins
C. emphasizes consumption of citrus fruits
D. contains a high ratio of vegetable to animal protein
30
Increasing one’s vegetable intake from 3 to 9 servings a day may:
A. result in a protein deficiency
B. lead to development of metabolic acidosis
C. significantly decrease urinary calcium excretion
D. balance one’s intake of calcium and phosphorus
31
Urinary calcium losses in the elderly may be reduced by:
A. modest salt restriction
B. magnesium supplementation
C. taking manganese along with a calcium supplement
D. all of the above
32
The synthesis of key proteins in the bone matrix requires adequate amounts of vitamin:
A. A
B. B12
C. C
D. K
33
The most common bone destroying disease in men under the age of 60 is:
A. alcoholism
B. arthritis
C. cancer
D. osteoporosis
34
Smoking has been associated with an increase in the incidence of hip fracture of:
A. 10% - 20%
B. 20% - 40%
C. 40% - 50%
D. 50% - 60%
35
An adequate program of physical activity for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should include:
A. short bursts of strenuous exercise such as running
B. a comprehensive series of muscle strengthening exercises
C. three to four hours a week of weight bearing activity such as walking
D. all of the above
36
The Women’s Health Initiative, a large multicenter research program, is being undertaken to address:
A. the skeletal benefits of estrogen replacement
B. the most effective nutritional program for osteoporosis prevention
C. the relationship between bone mineral density and fracture risk
D. genetic risk factors for bone disease
37
Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis is most beneficial:
A. at the onset of the peri-menopause and continued for at least ten years
B. during the first five to ten years after the menopause
C. if begun at the first signs of bone loss
D. in women aged 65 or older
38
Hormone replacement therapy is generally not recommended for women who have:
A. a close relative with breast cancer
B. diabetes or hypertension
C. problems with phlebitis
D. all of the above
39
A good alternative treatment for those post-menopausal women who choose not to use hormone replacement therapy is:
A. alendronate
B. raloxifene
C. calcitonin nasal spray
D. ipriflavone
40
As a treatment for osteoporosis, parathyroid hormone differs from the antiresorptive agents in that it:
A. may cause long-term gastrointestinal problems
B. is better tolerated in elderly patients
C. can be administered in a single infusion per month
D. may actually alter the architecture of existing bone
41
Long-term compliance with treatment plans for osteoporosis may be improved by:
A. switching patients from the bisphosphonates to HRT
B. aggressively treating medication side effects
C. more frequent monitoring of bone density
D. improving awareness among women and their physicians
42
The incidence and risk of osteoporosis in men is less than in women because men have:
A. a higher peak bone mass in early adulthood
B. a shorter life expectancy overall
C. no dramatic hormonal change comparable to menopause
D. all of the above
43
The pattern of bone loss in men differs from that of women in that it:
A. is due primarily to reduced bone formation
B. accelerates dramatically about the age of 70
C. occurs mainly in cortical bone
D. results primarily in reduced connectivity
44
Which one of the following medications has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of steroid-related bone loss in men?
A. estradiol
B. alendronate
C. tamoxifen
D. tibolone
45
Individuals with a milk allergy may be able to increase their calcium intake by eating:
A. ice cream
B. yogurt
C. cottage cheese
D. hard cheese
46
The substance in spinach and collard greens that inhibits the body’s absorption of the calcium they contain is:
A. vitamin K
B. magnesium
C. phytate
D. oxalic acid
47
Fruits that are high in calcium include:
A. peaches and nectarines
B. apples and pears
C. oranges and papayas
D. bananas and pineapple
48
Environmental changes that can help an older person compensate for poor vision include all of the following except:
A. removing throw rugs and other hard to see obstacles
B. using a consistent low level of illumination in every room
C. increasing contrast on steps with white paint
D. creating clear paths from room to room
49
Factors contributing to limited mobility in older persons include:
A. changes in the inner ear
B. decreased joint flexibility
C. alterations in gait pattern
D. all of the above
50
The best way to prevent falls in individuals with dementia is to:
A. encourage ambulation as much as possible
B. place them in wheelchairs with seat belts during waking hours
C. use bed rails and other restraints as needed at night
D. provide adequate levels of supervision


Remember to click "Submit" ONCE and please be patient while your answers are checked and the results are displayed. You will then be returned to this page to complete the required Evaluation. Thank you for choosing the National Center!


 


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